It also has adequate sensitivity and specificity to identify depressive symptoms in the antenatal period and is useful in identifying symptoms of anxiety. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds ucsf fresno. The present study established severity cutoff scores for the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds based on a widely used depression symptom severity measure, the beck depression inventory bdi. Aug 25, 2017 edinburgh postnatal depression scale in multiple languages authorowner.
The epds was developed for screening postpartum women in outpatient, home visiting settings, or at the 6 8 week postpartum examination. The dependent variable utilized in this study was the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds as it is the most common screening instrument used for the detection of antenatal and post natal. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale 1 epds postpartum depression is the most common complication of childbearing. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a set of 10 screening questions that can indicate whether a parent has symptoms that are common in. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds since you are either pregnant or have recently had a baby, we want to know how you feel. Emotional changes after giving birth espanol spanish bilingual pdf. The epds is a widely used screening tool to identify clinically significant levels of depression in postpartum women. I have been able to laugh and see the funny side of things 6. Postpartum major depression is a disorder that is often unrecognized and must be distinguished from baby blues. The scale can be used at six to eight weeks after birth or during pregnancy. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a set of 10 screening questions that can indicate whether a parent has symptoms that are common in women with depression and anxiety during pregnancy and in the year following the birth of a child.
This may be by the use of a formal assessment tool, such as the patient health questionnaire phq9, the edinburgh postnatal depression scale or the generalised anxiety disorder scale gad7. This study aimed to further contribute to this knowledge by compari. This study investigates the determinants of antenatal depressive symptoms and postnatal depressive symptoms in an australian population, including people from culturally and linguistically diverse cald backgrounds. The epds is not a diagnostic tool and must always be used in conjunction with clinical assessment. Postnatal depression is an underrecognised disorder. To download information click on the selected language. The epds has been validated for use in both pregnancy and the. As you are pregnant or have recently had a baby, we would like to know how you are feeling. Depression is a leading source of morbidity and health loss in australian women. Please circle the number next to the answer which comes closest to how you. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale pdf sample letter to patients doctor re. Validation of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds. It has been utilized among numerous populations including u.
Nsw health families nsw supporting families early package. The questionnaire below is called the edinburgh postnatal depression scale edps the edps was developed to identify women who may have postpartum. Establishing a coherent and replicable measurement model of. A recent study indicated that the epds may be further abbreviated to a three question version which can be used to screen for postpartum. If this happens, you should seek help urgently see page 12. Detection of postnatal depression the british journal of. The 10item edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is an established screening tool for postnatal depression. As you have recently had a baby, we would like to know how you are feeling. Postpartum major depression american family physician.
A meta analysis found some support for exercise as an adjunctive treatment for postnatal depression but the methodological inadequacy of the few small. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a 10item questionnaire that was developed to identify women who have postpartum depression. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale mcpap for moms. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds this document is available in english as well as in languages other than english. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a short 10item self report questionnaire designed to identify mothers at risk for prenatal and and postnatal depression. The objective of the study was to validate the epds as a screening tool for postpartum depression in kathmandu, nepal.
Paternal perinatal depression assessed by the edinburgh. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds novopsych. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale the epds is a 10item questionnaire. Links to the english and multilingual resources can be accessed further below. Characteristics of the edinburgh post natal depression scale in the netherlands.
Action towards causes and treatment pact consortium. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds calculator. A sample of 1 women has been recruited for the italian validation of edinburgh post natal depression scale epds. The identification of severity ranges for the edinburgh. Antenatal depressive symptoms, a history of major depressive disorder, or.
Postnatal depression can have a substantial impact on the woman, the child and family as a whole. Matthey s, fisher j, rowe h 20a using the edinburgh postnatal depression scale to screen for anxiety disorders. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds perinatal services. Feb 23, 2015 if the answer is yes to any of these questions, or if there is clinical concern, further assessment is required. The edinburgh post natal depression scale epds was validated on a community sample of 702 women at six weeks post partum using research diagnostic criteria for depression. Screening for depressive and anxiety disorders australian. Therefore, perinatal screening for depression is recommended in some countries accortt and wong, 2017 the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a commonly used selfreport questionnaire.
Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds the epds was developed for screening postpartum women in outpatient, home visiting settings, or at the 6 8 week postpartum examination. Standardized questionnaires designed for the identification of depression are useful for monitoring individual as well as population mental health. This is a new resource which collates copies of the edinburgh postnatal depression. References related to commercially available antidepressant use. This 10 item self report measure is designed to screen women for symptoms of emotional distress during pregnancy and the postnatal period. You may feel guilty that you dont feel the way you expected to. Please check the answer that comes closest to how you have felt in the past 7 days, not just how you feel today. The estimates of sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value, being based on a large random sample, offer improved guidelines for the use of the epds by the.
Items of the scale correspond to various clinical depression symptoms, such as guilt feeling, sleep disturbance, low energy, anhedonia, and suicidal ideation. The effectiveness of exercise as a treatment for postnatal. Determinants of antenatal depression and postnatal depression. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale in multiple languages. The validation of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale. Thus, there is a need to examine different ways of helping women experiencing postnatal depression.
Holden, r sagovsky 1987 this 10 item self report measure is designed to screen women for symptoms of emotional distress during pregnancy and the postnatal period. Matthey s, valenti b, souter k et al 20b comparison of four selfreport measures and a generic mood question to screen for anxiety during. Scale epds that have been translated into languages other than english. Phone visit measures measurement pv1pv2pv3pv4pv5pv6pv7pv8pv9 sleep questionnaire. Women are asked to answer each question in terms of the past seven days. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a questionnaire originally developed to assist in identifying possible symptoms of depression in the postnatal period. The impact of education, country, race and ethnicity on the. This tool which is for identifying patients at risk for perinatal depression is available in multiple languages.
The perinatal clinical practice guidelines recommend that psychosocial assessment and the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds be used by primary care and other health professionals to screen all women for symptoms of depression andor anxiety during the perinatal period. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds has originally been developed to assist primary care health professionals to detect postnatal depression, but several authors recommend its use outside of the postpartum period. Studies in new zealand using the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds, appendix 1 have reported rates of postnatal depression of 8%. A clean copy without scores is given on the preceding page. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds has been developed to assist primary care health professionals to detect mothers suffering from postnatal depression. I have been able to laugh and see the funny side of things as much as i always could not quite so much now denitely not so much now not. The study used a retrospective cohort of mothers of all live births in public health facilities in. Postpartum depression is the most common complication of childbearing and rates of help seeking for postnatal depression are generally low, making screening important. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a 10question screening tool that has been validated for the assessment of mood in the early postpartum period 43 but must be supported by clinical assessment of mood for the diagnosis of pnd to be made. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale black dog institute.
The edinburgh postnatal depression scale request pdf. Discuss and enquire about depressive symptoms and complete the edinburgh post natal depression scale epds if not previously carried out undertake routine enquiry for gender based violence and risk assessment undertaken following disclosure build on and strengthen therapeutic relationship between practitioner and motherfamily. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale is available in many languages. Postnatal depression is poorly identified in the community. One hundred and three post partum women completed the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds and were interviewed using the diagnostic interview schedule. After extensive pilot interviews a validation study was carried out on 84 mothers using the research diagnostic criteria for depressive illness obtained from goldbergs standardised psychiatric interview. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds j l cox. The development of a 10item selfreport scale epds to screen for postnatal depression in the community is described. Validation andor translation of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale 88 22.
Development of the 10item edinburgh postnatal depression scale. Screening recommendations postpartum support international. These women, between the eighth and the twelfth week after delivery, were admnistered the epds and diagnosed according the dsmiiir criteria using the mini interview. For the purposes of this toolkit, the edinburgh postnatal depression scale was selected due to its high specificity, high predictive value and its validation in numerous countries and languages. For use between 28 32 weeks in all pregnancies and 6 8 weeks postpartum. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale results pdf pediatric symptom checklist 17 psc17. Oct 21, 2016 edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is considered well accepted screening tool for postpartum depression ppd. During the pilot study, the overwhelming conclusion of participating obgyn practices was that the epds was useful. This is not intended to provide a diagnosis only trained health professionals should do this.
Several studies have used the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds, developed to screen new mothers, also for new fathers. It also outlines the importance of the broader specialist role of mental health services in addressing the needs of parents at risk of developing, or with, mental health problems. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds instructions. Summary quality of evidence and practice recommendations for preventive interventions 9 25. Psychotic symptoms a small number of women with very severe depression develop psychotic symptoms. The epds is a reliable and valid measure of mood in fathers. For a copy in another language call the uic perinatal consultation line at 18005736121. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds j l cox, j m.
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